英語定語從句總結(jié)完整

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英語定語從句總結(jié)完整

　　總結(jié)是對某一特定時間段內(nèi)的學(xué)習(xí)和工作生活等表現(xiàn)情況加以回顧和分析的一種書面材料，它能使我們及時找出錯誤并改正，快快來寫一份總結(jié)吧。那么總結(jié)要注意有什么內(nèi)容呢？下面是小編精心整理的英語定語從句總結(jié)完整，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。

英語定語從句總結(jié)完整

　　定語從句（Attributive clauses）

　　在句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句，因其修飾作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，故稱形容詞性從句，即通常所說的定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的有：

　　（1）關(guān)系代詞：

　　先行詞為人：who, whom, that, whose

　　先行詞為物：which, that, whose

　　（2）關(guān)系副詞：

　　when, where, why

　　注意：關(guān)系詞起三個作用：

　　①連接先行詞和定語從句

　　②替代先行詞

　　③在從句中擔(dān)任成分 what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞后，但有時也被一個短語隔開。例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.

　　I. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

　　關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。定語從句的構(gòu)成: 先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞 + 從句

　　人物

　　主格 Who/ that Which/ that

　　賓格 Whom/ that/ who Which/ that

　　定語 whose Whose: …of which

　　（1）who, whom, that

　　這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)賓語可以省略。例如：

　　Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

　　（2）whose 用來指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，。例如：

　　Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）

　　The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）

　　（3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可做主語、賓語等。例如： Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside.

　　（which / that在句中作主語）

　　The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）

　　關(guān)系副詞when, where, why在從句中充當(dāng)狀語，分別可表時間、地點或原因。

　　I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

　　This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.

　　I know the reason why he came late.

　　一．什么叫定語從句？

　　一個句子作定語就叫定語從句。

　　二．定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及種類

　　1. 結(jié)構(gòu)：關(guān)系詞+主語+謂語+其它

　　2. 種類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

　　三．關(guān)系詞的分類及關(guān)系詞

　　1. 關(guān)系代詞：who，whom, whose, that ,which, as

　　2. 關(guān)系副詞：when，where，why

　　四．關(guān)系詞的功用

　　1. 起連接作用，引導(dǎo)定語從句

　　2. 在定語從句中作一個成分——主語，賓語，狀語，定語，表語。

　　五．什么是先行詞？

　　被定語從句所修飾的詞是先行詞。

　　六．關(guān)系詞的用法

　　1. who

　　當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞或代詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時，選who。

　　The boy who is standing over there is Tom.

　　He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

　　2. whom

　　當(dāng)先行詞是指人得名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時，選whom.

　　This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.

　　3. whose

　　① 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，而且關(guān)系詞在句中作定語時，選whose.

　　This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory.

　　② 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，而且關(guān)系在句中作定語時，選whose.

　　We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.

　　4. that

　　① 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語時，選that.

　　This is a machine that can walk.

　　② 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作賓語時，選that. 另外，that可以省略。

　　I like the present (that) my father sent me.

　　③ 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的名詞，關(guān)系詞也可選用that=who

　　The boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.

　　5. which

　　當(dāng)先行詞是指物的名詞時，關(guān)系詞也可選用which，它在句中作主語或賓語，which=that

　　6. 下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選用that

　　① 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞 something, anything, nothing, everything時

　　Is there anything that I can do for you?

　　② 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞all時

　　Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well.

　　③ 當(dāng)先行詞被all, some, any修飾時

　　These are all the things that I have done today.

　　④ 當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very 修飾時

　　This is the only computer that he often turns to for help.

　　⑤ 當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級修飾時

　　This is the cleaning room that you can see here.

　　⑥ time 作先行詞，前面有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時

　　This is the last time that I’ll give you pocket money.

　　⑦ 盡管先行詞指人，但關(guān)系詞在句中作表語時。

　　He is no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago

　　⑧ 以 who開頭的特殊疑問句，盡管先行詞指人。

　　Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ?

　　⑨ 當(dāng)先行詞包括人和物時。

　　7. 下列情況下，關(guān)系詞只能選which

　　① 在非限制性定語從句中。

　　This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday.

　　② 先行詞不是一個詞，而是前面整個句子的概念時

　　The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy.

　　③ 當(dāng)先行詞指物，用“介詞+which”

　　This is the pen with which I often write.

　　8. as

　　As 引導(dǎo)定語從句時，有四種情況。As在句中作主語，賓語。

　　① as 單獨引導(dǎo)定語從句。

　　As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player.

　　② the same …as… 與…一樣

　　I have the same idea as you.

　　③ such… as… 和…一樣

　　Don’t read such a book as you can’t understand.

　　④ as…as… 和…一樣

　　In this library, you can borrow as many books as you can.

　　9. where

　　① 當(dāng)先行詞是指地點的名詞，而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語時，選where，where=介詞+which

　　This is the classroom where we study.

　　② 盡管先行詞是指地點的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語，賓語時，只能選that/which.

　　This is the factory that/which makes paper

　　This is the factory(that/which) we visited yesterday.

　　③ 盡管先行詞是指地點的.名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語，賓語，但非限制性定語從句只能用which

　　This is the school, which he visited.

　　④ the one 是代詞，代替前面的名詞，其后的that/which 往往省略。

　　Is this factory the one you visited?

　　⑤ 當(dāng)situation, job, mark, race, point 等模糊概念的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語時，選where

　　You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.

　　⑥ 盡管先行詞是指地點的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作狀語，但定語從句末有介詞時，選which。

　　This is the lab which we do experiments in.

　　10. when

　　① 當(dāng)先行詞是指時間的名詞，而且關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語時，選when，when=介詞+which

　　We will never forget the days when we stayed with Mr. Smith.

　　② 盡管先行詞是指時間的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在句中作主語，賓語時，選that或which。

　　Monday is the day which/that comes before Tuesday.

　　We will never forget the days (that/which) we spent with him.

　　③ 盡管先行詞是指時間的名詞，關(guān)系詞在句中作主語，賓語，但非限制性定語從句只能選which。

　　Wednesday is the day, which comes before Thursday.

　　④ one 作替代詞，代替前面表示時間的名詞，其后的that/which往往省略。

　　That was an exciting moment, one I will remember forever.

　　⑤ time作先行詞，前面有序數(shù)詞或last時，只能選that。

　　Is this the third time that you have been late for school this week?

　　11. why

　　① 當(dāng)先行詞是指表示原因的名詞reason時，如果關(guān)系副詞作狀語，選why，why=for which.

　　This is the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.

　　② 當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason時，如果關(guān)系副詞在句中作賓語，選that/which,也可省略。

　　My parents didn’t believe the reason (that/ which) I give him.

　　七．介詞+which/whom

　　1. 介詞+which/whom

　　① 介詞的選擇根據(jù)下面四種情況

　　a. 根據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞

　　Who is the person with whom you shook hands just now?

　　b. 根據(jù)定語從句中的形容詞

　　In learning English, he had two things about which he was not sure.

　　c. 根據(jù)定語從句所修飾的先行詞

　　This is the bike by which I go to school.

　　d. 根據(jù)句意。

　　This is the train on which he works.

　　② 如果關(guān)系詞指人，選whom，如果關(guān)系詞指物，選which。

　　2. 不定代詞+of+which/whom

　　常用的不定代詞有：both, neither, either(兩者之一)，all, none, many, most, some, any

　　Mr. Li has two sons, both of whom are college students.

　　There are 10.000 books in this library, most of which are interesting.

　　3. 數(shù)詞，分詞，百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+which/whom

　　There are 50 students in our class, two thirds of whom are girls.

　　4. the+名詞+of+which=whose+名詞

　　He has just bought a magazine, the cover of which (=whose cover) is missing.

　　5. 介詞+whose+名詞

　　This is our school teaching building, on whose top there is a red flag.

　　八．非限制性定語從句

　　如果主語和定語從句之間有個逗號，它就是非限制性定語從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性的定語從句的關(guān)系詞有：which，who, when, where, why, whom, whose.

　　九．分隔性的定語從句

　　有時定語從句和先行詞之間被其他詞隔開，把這種從句叫分隔性的定語從句。

　　The days are gone when China used foreign oil.

　　= Gone are the days when China used foreign oil.

　　十．The way 作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有三種情況：that, in which 省略。

　　I don’t like the way ___D___ you do things.

　　A. that B. in which C. × D. all of the above

　　十一. One of +the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，the only one of +the 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well.

　　He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well.

　　十二. 在定語從句中，謂語動詞的單數(shù)，復(fù)數(shù)依據(jù)它所修飾的先行詞。

　　I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything.

　　He who breaks the school rules should be punished.

　　Those who break the school rules should be punished.

　　Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished.

　　十三. 定語從句和并列句的區(qū)別

　　非限制性的定語從句和主語之間有一個逗號，并列句的結(jié)構(gòu)式單句+并列連詞（and, or. so, but）+簡單句.

　　I have many friends, all of whom are kind to me.

　　I have many friends and all of them are kind to me.

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