V-ed和V-ing形式的用法：
一、作表語：主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語（系動(dòng)詞有be, look, turn, get, become, smell, taste, seem, sound, appear, remain, feel）
看主語是人或物 V-ed人: I am bored.
V-ing物:The film is boring.
※“be+V-ed”也可能是被動(dòng)語態(tài)：They were trapped.(狀態(tài))
They were trapped by the flood.(動(dòng)作)
二、作定語：單個(gè)分詞+名詞/代詞；名詞/代詞+分詞短語（分詞短語作定語可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)定語從句）
看與所修飾詞的關(guān)系：
V-ed被動(dòng)、完成：guests（who were） invited to the party; a developed country
V-ing主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行：the girl (who is) dancing there; a developing country
三、作賓補(bǔ)：
看與賓語的關(guān)系：V-ed被動(dòng)、完成； V-ing主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行
1、感官動(dòng)詞（see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, listen to, find）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
2、使役動(dòng)詞（have, make, get, keep, leave）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
※”make oneself+V-ed(understood, heard, noticed, known)”表結(jié)果含義
※ “have+sth+done”表示：主語請(qǐng)人或讓人做某事/主語遭遇不愉快、不測(cè)的事/使某事被做
3、表示“希望、要求”的動(dòng)詞（want, wish, like, expect, order）+賓語+賓補(bǔ)
也可在V-ed前加to be
4、“with+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件等狀語
eg. With the matter settled, we all went home.
四、作狀語：可表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、讓步、伴隨等，可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)狀語從句。
看與邏輯主語的關(guān)系：
V-ed被動(dòng)、完成： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.
V-ing主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the city.
V-ed、V-ing作狀語，可在其前加上when, while, if, unless, once, although等，構(gòu)成“連詞+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。