主講教師：邵磊
主審： 孫德霖
【教學(xué)內(nèi)容與教學(xué)要求】
一、 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
牛津高中英語(yǔ)模塊二Unit 1（上）
二、教學(xué)要求：
1．學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)撚嘘P(guān)宇宙空間的簡(jiǎn)單話題。
2．學(xué)習(xí)閱讀英語(yǔ)新聞綜述。
3．理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義和用法。
【知識(shí)重點(diǎn)與學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)】
一、 重要單詞：
tale, unexplained, .alien, mystery, technology, monster, sunken(adj) stonehenge, pyramid, disappearance, multi-coloured, nightmare, detective, format, detail, paragraph, Yeti, puzzle(n&v), sighting, witness, creature, research, frighten, case, murder, convincing, evidence, typical, outer, progress, treasure, lately, website, wild, similar, hairy, strength, footprint, existence, inch, exploration, orbit, launch, artificial, astronaut, oxygen.
二、重點(diǎn)詞組：
run into碰到, believe in相信（信仰、理論、說法等）, step up加緊, go missing失蹤, show great interest in對(duì)….表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣, due to因?yàn)? show up露面, according to根據(jù), pull back拉開, do research on在….方面進(jìn)行研究, rule out排除, look into調(diào)查, make up編造, take charge of負(fù)責(zé), make a speech作報(bào)告, so far到目前為止, outer space外層空間, human beings人類, space shuttle航天飛機(jī), Soviet Union蘇聯(lián), carry out.完成, 實(shí)現(xiàn), 貫徹, 執(zhí)行, dream of夢(mèng)想, come true實(shí)現(xiàn), solar system太陽(yáng)系, comic strip連環(huán)漫畫.
三、【語(yǔ)法】
A.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞構(gòu)成。
2．在現(xiàn)完成時(shí) 表示動(dòng)作完成在過去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already，just，ever，never和yet等連用。表示曾去過某處have / has been；表示某人去某處（還沒有回來）用have / has gone。
例如：I have just locked the door.
He has left London for York.
3．表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，有以下幾種情況：
與for + 表示一段時(shí)間的詞組連用。例如：I have worked here for 20 years.
與since + 表示過去某一時(shí)刻的詞或詞組連用。例如：They have had 4 meetings since the new term began.
4. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
兩者都可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如果必須這樣用，就需要把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
He has been back for three days.
He has been back since three days ago.
It's three days since he came back.
Three days has passed since he came back.
B.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
構(gòu)成：have/has been+doing
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn)，所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng)，有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩,例如:
The couple have been quarreling ever since they got married.（說話人對(duì)這對(duì)夫妻的關(guān)系很不以為然）
You have been asking me questions for the last two hours.（不耐煩）
1． 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)刻還在進(jìn)行。例如：
a. He has been working on the puzzle since early morning.
b. We have been waiting for the result for half a day.
2． 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)刻剛剛結(jié)束。例如：
a. Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere.
b. I have been wondering about your behavior.
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來表示過去剛剛完成的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響或聯(lián)系，例如：
a. She has been crying(她現(xiàn)在眼睛還在紅腫).
b. It has been snowing.(地上已經(jīng)有了一層雪).
【難點(diǎn)講解】
1. The world we live in today is full of mysteries unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology.
我們生活的世界里充滿了謎團(tuán), 這些謎團(tuán)即使是當(dāng)今發(fā)達(dá)的科學(xué)技術(shù)也無法解開。
過去分詞短語(yǔ)unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology是mysteries的定語(yǔ)，它的作用相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which are unsolved even by today’s advanced science and technology。當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句是由關(guān)系代詞＋be動(dòng)詞＋過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞和be動(dòng)詞可以省略。例如：
Stories (which were) made up by him didn’t sound very convincing.
People (who are) living in these areas believe in ghosts.
Advanced 先進(jìn)的、發(fā)達(dá)的。
2. Police in America have stepped up their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing in Dover, New Hampshire.
美國(guó)警方現(xiàn)已加緊對(duì)一名15歲失蹤男孩的搜索，該男孩于兩天前在新罕布什爾州的多佛市失蹤。
step up加緊，如: step up production, step up the campaign, step up the lobby(加緊游說)
search在句中作名詞，常見詞組有one’s/the search for（對(duì)…的搜索、探求），in search of(為了尋求)。例如：
His search for truth has led to one discovery after another.
He risked his life in search of truth.
Police是集體名詞，形式上永遠(yuǎn)是單數(shù)，和復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用。
3. People have shown great interest in his disappearance due to sighting of puzzling lights in the sky and reports of alien visits around the time of his disappearance.
公眾對(duì)男孩的失蹤表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣，原因是在他失蹤前后有人聲稱看到天空中出現(xiàn)令人迷惑不解的亮光，還有關(guān)于外星人造訪地球的報(bào)道。
4. Standing inside were lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes.
（飛碟）里面站著許多白皮膚、樣子奇怪、長(zhǎng)著黑色大眼睛的生物。
這是個(gè)倒裝句，這句話的正常語(yǔ)序是：Lots of white-skinned, strange-looking creatures with large black eyes were standing inside. 當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)，或說話人想要強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)動(dòng)作的描寫時(shí)，可以把現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)部分的位置交換，形成“現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)＋be動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)部分”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
Lying there was a thin, black woman with untidy hair and stony face.
Coming up is a talk show by our famous host Peter Pan.
white-skinned白皮膚的，這是一個(gè)由形容詞＋名詞＋ed構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中學(xué)階段常見的還有: kind-hearted, bold-faced, ill-tempered等。
strange-looking樣子奇怪的。形容詞/副詞＋動(dòng)詞＋ing也可以構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，例如：good-looking, easy-going(好相處的), never-ending, ever-lasting.
5. believe和believe in
believe+sb表示“相信某人的話”，believe+sth表示“相信某事的真實(shí)性”。例如：
I believe George, he has never told a lie.
Do you believe his story?
Believe in+sb表示“信任某人”，believe in+sth表示“相信某事的存在、信仰某種學(xué)說或宗教”。例如：
I believe in Ed, he will never let me down (讓我失望).
I don’t believe in UFO.
He believes in Maxism.
6. search和search for
search+搜查的對(duì)象，例如：search the house, search the prisoner.
Search for+，例如：search for gold, search for food.
也可以是：search+搜查的對(duì)象＋搜索的目標(biāo)。例如：search the house for the thief
7. make up編造, make up for補(bǔ)償、彌補(bǔ), be made up of由….構(gòu)成. 例如：
We had to work day and night to make up for the lost time.
He made up this story simply to draw attention to himself.
The exploration team was made up of 4 scientists, a doctor and an Indian guide.
8. go作為系動(dòng)詞用法小結(jié)：
1） 表示“變得”，常和有關(guān)顏色、狀態(tài)、質(zhì)地的形容詞或詞組連用，例如：
a. His hair has gone gray.
b. He went purple（發(fā)紫）with anger.
c. The company went broke (破產(chǎn))after such a heavy loss.
d. Milk goes bad (變質(zhì))very easily in hot weather.
e. The children went wild with excitement (高興地發(fā)狂).
f. The project can be finished in a week if nothing goes wrong.
2） 表示“選擇….樣的方式、采用….的方法”，例如：go natural回歸自然, go international國(guó)際化, go native融入當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì), go green追求綠色生活。
3） 表示“未受到…”, 常和un+過去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞unpunished/ unnoticed/ unchallenged/ uncommented等連用，相當(dāng)于“pass/get away without being＋過去分詞”，例如：
a. Many important details have gone unnoticed while he was listening.
b. If his cheating goes unpunished, more students will follow suit（跟著學(xué)）.
【同步練習(xí)】
一、 單項(xiàng)選擇
1． Nanjing is situated------- the Yangtse River.
A. to B. near C. on D. at
2． John will settle -------- after he gets a job and gets married.
A.down B. up C. about D. for
3． A large number of people -------- London each year.
A.visits B. visiting C. are visit D. visit
4． Most of the meat --------bad.
A. have gone B. have went C. has gone D. has went
5． We have got used to ------- together.
A.work B. works C. worked D. working
6． He isn`t the man he used to---------.
A.be B. is C. been D. being
7． He ------ himself ----- the improvement of workers` lives.
A. asked; for B. devoted; to C. paid; by D. put; in
8. This is the hotel -------- some German friends stayed yesterday.
A. which B. where C. the one D. what
9. All ----- glitters is not gold.
A. which B. what C. that D. it
10. Is that the woman ---------- daughter is in your class?
A. who B. whose C. whom D. that
11. They left for Beijing last week and we -------- from them so far.
A. don`t hear B.didn`t hear C. won`t hear D.haven`t heard
12. Whenever he ------ these days, he always carries an umbrella with him.
A. will go out B. is going out C. would go out D. goes out
13.Would you be so kind --------make these calls for me.
A. as soon B. in order to C. for D. as to
14.If it isn`t too ---------- for you, could you open this window please?
A. many troubles B. much trouble C. much pleasure D. little difficulties
15. The window is broken, I will have it ----------.
A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. be repaired
二、用下列單詞或詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空：
Believe, believe in, run into, step up, search, search for, carry out, frighten
existence, exploration, convince, witness, puzzle, late, sink.
1. The police ______ already _______ his house but haven’t found any evidence against him.
2. The local government has ________campaign against bird flu(禽流感).
3. I ___________ an old friend in the street the other day.
4. Scientists have been __________ the traces of Yetis in Tibet.
5. Do you _______ that we will run out of oil in a score of years?
6. As a businessman he __________ nothing but money.
7. It is highly impossible to ________ this plan.
8. There was a _______ look on his face when he heard his name called.
9. The roar of wild animals at night sounded very ________to the kids.
10. I’m fully _________ of his innocence(清白)
11. Have you heard from your parents _______?
12. She looked past me as if I did not _______.
13. There were lots of people _________ this historical event.
14. They found nothing of great value in the _______ ship.
15. Man has launched many spaceships _______ outer space.
三、完形填空
I went to my favorite restaurant one evening to have supper. I knew the owner very well. 1 I was waiting for the soup to arrive, I looked around to see if I knew anyone in the restaurant. It was 2 that I noticed a man sitting at the corner table 3 watching in my direction, as if he knew me. The man had a newspaper open 4 him, which he was 5 to read, though all the while I could see that he was keeping an eye on me. When the waiter brought the soup, the man was clearly 6 by the familiar way in which the waiter and I talked to each other. He became even more puzzled as time went on and it grew more and more obvious that I was well 7 in the restaurant. In the end he got up and went to the kitchen. After a few minutes he came 8 again, paid his bill and left without 9 looking in my direction.
When I finished and was 10 to pay my bill, I called the owner over and 11 him what the man had wanted. The owner at 12 didn’t want to tell me. I 13 “ Well”, he said “ that man was a detective.” “ 14 ?” I said, much surprised. “ he followed you here because he 15 you were the man he was looking for,” the owner said. “ He showed me a photo of the 16 man. He certainly looked 17 you! Of course since we know you here. I was able to make him 18 that he had made a mistake.” “ It’s 19 I came to a restaurant where I’m where I’m known,” I said, “ otherwise I 20 have been taken to police station!”
1.A. While B. After C. Before D. Until
2.A. time B. time C. here D. there
3.A. began B. enjoyed C. kept D. stopped
4.A. behind B. over C. in front of D. beside
5.A. pretending B. seen C. prepared D. hold
6.A. frightened B. surprised C. puzzled D. pleased
7.A. treated B. welcomed C. received D. known
8.A. around B. up C. in D. out
9.A. another B. a C. any D. each
10.A. able B. about C. willing D. anxious
11.A. told B. showed C. asked D. gave
12.A. last B. first C. least D. once
13.A. insisted B. apologized C. wondered D. regretted
14.A. Certainly B. Really C. Why D. How
15.A. knew B. found C. explain D. thought
16.A. strange B. famous C. wanted D. curious
17.A. for B. at C. after D. like
18.A. believe B. agree C. remember D. learn
19.A. necessary B. funny C. lucky D. clear
20.A. need B. will C. can D. might
【參考答案】
一、CADCD, ABBCB, DDDBC
二、1.have,searched 2. stepped up 3. ran into 4.searching for 5.believe 6. believes in 7.carry out 8.puzzled 9. frightening 10. convinced 11. lately 12. exist 13 to witness 14.sunken 15. to explore
三、ABCCA, CDDAB, CBABD, CDACD