Unit 10 The World Around Us
I.Teaching aims and demands
1.Topics
1>Talk about ways to protect the environment
2>Talk about wildlife endangerment
3>Talk about causes and effects
2.Function:
原因和結(jié)果(Causes and effects)
Why...? Because/As/Since...
Because of...,I... If...,then...
As a result of... It follows that...
It will use... It will lead to...
3.Vocabulary
fur;Tibetan;lead;jungle;wolf;giraffe;environmental;tour;act;measure;original;
battary;devote;common;valuable;reduce;respond;amount;package;packging;harmful;
flat;material;poster;attractive;topic;organize;brief
in danger;die out;as a result of;lead to;take measures;adapt to;
make a difference;devote...to;at present;set free;in the wild;throw away
4.Grammar:
Review Direct and Indirect Speech
1.Reporting statements
2.Reporting yes-no questions
3.Reporting wh-questions
4.Reporting commands and requests
5.Reporting general truth
II.Key points
1.listening and speaking
1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.
no longer
[用法]不再,可與not...any longer換用.
[舉例]She no longer feels afraid.
He s no longer at school.
No longer are they staying with us.
他們不再和我們?cè)谝黄?
2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.
left
[用法]剩下，此處為過去分詞做定語(yǔ)。
[聯(lián)想]leave的特別用法：
1.leave sb to do 讓某人去做某事
2.leave sb doing 使某人處于某種狀態(tài)
3.leave the window open 讓窗戶開著
3>Many of the world s animals and plants are in danger.
in danger
[用法]處于危險(xiǎn)中
[比較]dangerous:造成危險(xiǎn)的;帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)的
[舉例]Get an ambulance---her life is in danger.
The fire is dangerous to us as it is so near.
4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?
die out
[用法]消亡;滅絕
[聯(lián)想]die away 逐漸消失;逐漸停止
[舉例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.
大幕一升起,談話的聲音漸漸地停了下來(lái).
In the struggle for life,the species,which had not been successful,died out.
在生存競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中,不能成功的物種就滅絕了.
5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.
together with
[用法]意同as well as;along with
[注意]在連接主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的第一個(gè)名詞的數(shù).
6>It will lead to...
lead to
[用法]導(dǎo)致
[舉例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.
國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展使人民過上了幸福生活.
Careless driving will lead to the loss of life.
開車大意會(huì)導(dǎo)致喪命.
7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as the animal.
act as
[用法]充當(dāng);擔(dān)任
[比較]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行動(dòng);做事;表演
8>Take turns asking and answering questions.
Take turns (in) doing
[用法]輪流做某事
[聯(lián)想]take one s turn 依次輪流
by turns 交替;輪流
[舉例]1.When people are waiting for the bus,he takes his turn.
2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.
3.She was happy and angry by turns.
2.reading
1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.
keep...from doing
[用法]防止(阻止;避免)...做...
[聯(lián)想]stop...from doing; prevent...from doing 意思基本相同
2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.
could
[用法]本句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,could表示反現(xiàn)實(shí)的含義.without短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)隱藏的條件:if there were no plants and animals around us.
[舉例]If you needed assistance,I could do something.
假如你需要幫助,我可以幫你做點(diǎn)什么.(看樣子,你不愿接受幫助)
In the USA,for example,75% of the grains is used to feed animals.This grain could be used to feed humans,rather than animals.
3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.
tour
[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游覽 2. 巡視;巡回演出;巡回比賽
[舉例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.
亞當(dāng)斯先生去年往東亞旅行了一次。
Their troupe is on tour in the South.
他們的劇團(tuán)在南方巡回演出。
4>We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things.
that do not harm other living things
[用法]此為定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ),不可省略
[比較]I don t like the way that you laugh at her.
本句中way在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞用that或in which或省略.
[舉例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.
5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.
take measures
[用法]采取措施
[舉例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.
6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.
species
[用法]n. 種類;【生】種;人類[the S]
[注意]單復(fù)數(shù)相同
[舉例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.
菊花品種很多。
7>They are all used to their environment;that is,they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.
that is
[用法]那就是;即
[舉例]John is a New Yorker;that is,he lives in New York.
8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.
adapt
[用法]vt.1. 使適應(yīng),使適合 2. 改編,改寫 vi. 適應(yīng)[(+to)]
[舉例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.
他努力使自己適應(yīng)新的情況。
10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help.
that there is a lot we can do to help
[用法]that引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句(名詞性從句的一種),其構(gòu)成與賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句類似.
[舉例]The trouble is that we don t have the computer.
11>Even small things can make a big difference.
make a difference
[用法]有關(guān)系;有差別;重要
[聯(lián)想]make no difference 無(wú)甚差別;不要緊
[舉例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.
12>Professor Stevenson,who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer,gave a talk to Chinese college students.
devoted ... to ...
[用法]把...獻(xiàn)給...;把...專用于...
[舉例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.
Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.
13>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?
at present
[用法]現(xiàn)在;目前
[聯(lián)想]present的其他用法: n.禮物 a.在場(chǎng)的;出席的;現(xiàn)在的 vt.贈(zèng)送,給予
presently adv. 一會(huì)兒;不久
[舉例]You may still keep the book for another week because I am very busy at present.
What he said made all the people present at the meeting moved a great deal.
Don t worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.
3.integrating skills
1>Without air,water and sunlight there would be no living things.
there would be
[用法]would仍是虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,全句意為 (假如)沒有空氣,水和陽(yáng)光,就不會(huì)有生命. (而實(shí)際上,現(xiàn)在不可能沒有空氣,水和陽(yáng)光)
[舉例]If I were you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你,我會(huì)接受他的意見.(我不可能是你,這是和事實(shí)相反的一種假設(shè))
2>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.
throw away
[用法]扔掉;拋棄
[舉例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.
[聯(lián)想]throw off 扔掉;擺脫;匆匆脫掉(衣服)
[舉例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor s shop.
3>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.
is much better at
[用法]可理解為be good at的比較級(jí)形式
4>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.
learn from
[用法]向...學(xué)習(xí);從...吸取教訓(xùn)
[舉例]We should learn from the advanced workers.
我們應(yīng)該向先進(jìn)工作者們學(xué)習(xí).
Why don t you learn from my mistakes?
你為何不從我的錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)呢?
5>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.
respond
[用法]vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反應(yīng);響應(yīng)[+to/by/with]
[舉例]Has she responded to your letter?
她有沒有回過你的信?
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在壓力下放棄了這一建議。
6>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.
easy to understand
[用法]這里的主語(yǔ)poster和understand雖然是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,但表語(yǔ)形容詞后的動(dòng)詞不定式一般用主動(dòng)式
[舉例]Jack is easy to fool.
He is difficult to deal with.
The man is hard to work with.
4>workbook
1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.
persuade
[用法]persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意為說(shuō)服+成功;
而try to persuade意為 試圖說(shuō)服,但不一定成功 ,相當(dāng)于advise
2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.
a large amount of
[用法]同large amounts of,后接不可數(shù)名詞,做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于amount的數(shù)
[舉例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.
I have a large number of books on the subject.
We must often memorize large amounts of material.
3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.
Up to
[用法]此處意為 高達(dá)...
[聯(lián)想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？
It s up to you!（由你做主）
I m up to my ears[忙得不可開交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）
extinct
[用法]a.1. (火等)熄滅了的 2. 消亡了的;破滅了的 3. 絕種的,滅絕的
[舉例]The volcano is extinct.
這座火山是座死火山。
My hope of getting some employment was extinct.
我要找到工作的希望落空了。
The passenger pigeon is extinct.
旅鴿已絕種。
4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.
among
[用法]在……當(dāng)中
[舉例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.
5>The bears can t find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.
go look for
[用法]尋找
[舉例]Let s go look for some food. 讓我們?nèi)フ尹c(diǎn)吃的.
6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.
keep ... as ...
[用法]把...當(dāng)作寵物來(lái)喂養(yǎng)
[聯(lián)想]keep…as it is按原樣保留
[舉例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.
7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think how your world will work .
Now that
[用法]既然;由于,引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句
[舉例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.