1. do well in
do well in= be good at: 擅長(zhǎng)于；做得好。He did well in the exam. 他考試考得好。 He’s doing well in the navy. 他在海軍里干得很出色。
2. make up one's mind下決心
其中的mind為可數(shù)名詞。 在make up one's mind的后面通常可跟不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，when/ what/how to do等。如：He hasn't made up his mind when to start.他還沒(méi)有決定什么時(shí)候出發(fā)。They made up their mind that they would buy a new house once Larry changed jobs. ▲譯：是我們下決心的時(shí)候了。
3. come up抬頭；上升
The sun has come up. 太陽(yáng)以經(jīng)升上來(lái)了。譯: Why don't you come up to New York for the weekend? Come up to the front of the room so everyone can see you. The sun was coming up by the time I finished the duty.
4. make up 組成
常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài): The whole book is made up of these three stories.(= These three stories make up the whole book.) A machine is made up of many different parts. 機(jī)器是由許多不同的零件構(gòu)成的。▲譯： 上衣和褲子組成套裝。
5. on (the ) average 平均起來(lái)
通常作狀語(yǔ): On average she receives 5 letters each day. The price of apples is about four yuan per kg on average. 蘋果的價(jià)格平均每公斤4元左右。
6. at a time每次；一次，
Don't try to do everything at once; take it a bit at a time. 不要什么事情都一塊干，要一次做一點(diǎn)。 對(duì)比: at one time一度；從前，如：At one time I used to do exercises every morning. 我有一段時(shí)間每天早上進(jìn)行鍛煉。 at the time在那時(shí)；在那段時(shí)間里，如：I agreed at the time but later I changed my mind. 我當(dāng)時(shí)同意了，可后來(lái)又改變了主意。at any time 隨時(shí): You may use my library at any time. 你任何時(shí)候都可以用我的書房。at times 有時(shí)；偶爾: At times I go out to the beach. 有時(shí)候我到海灘去。
7. beg one’s pardon
⑴used when politely saying sorry because you have just made a mistake: I do beg your pardon, I thought you were someone else. ⑵ used to politely ask someone to repeat something because you did not hear it: "Beg pardon, I didn't quite catch your meaning. "
Sentence patterns
1. I wish I could go to the seaside today.
在wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)，是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，或者難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。I wish the weather were better. 我希望天氣會(huì)更好一些。 I wish I were a bird. I wish the air were not so polluted around here.
對(duì)比: I wish I knew the answer. (But I don’t know the answer)
I wish I had known the answer. (But I didn’t.)
Language tips
1.Take a deep breath and I’ll time you.
take a deep breath 深呼吸 相當(dāng)于breathe deeply 如: He took a deep breath and jumped into the river. 他深深地吸了口氣，跳進(jìn)河中。我們還有hold one’s breath屏息；catch one’s breath松一口氣等。
句中的time是動(dòng)詞,測(cè)定……的時(shí)間；記錄……的時(shí)間: I timed him the 5000 meter race at the sports meet. 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上，我為他的五千米計(jì)時(shí)。time還可作“安排”解: He timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark. 他安排好他旅程，以便能在天黑以前到達(dá)飯店。
2. Most of the oceans contain 35 parts of salt per thousand parts of water. That is 3.5% by weight.That is 3.5% by weight. 大多數(shù)海洋每一千份水中含35份鹽，按重量計(jì)就是3.5%。
掌握介詞by按照；依照: This kind of oil is sold by weight. I’m paid by the hour.
3. The surface water is warm, and it can reach up to 25°c or even 29°c.
reach up to 高達(dá)，On one wall there is a bookcase that reaches up to the ceiling. 注意reach 的其他用法。Your letter reached me this morning. His farmland reaches to the river. I will reach him by telephone. He reached out his hand for a piece of a cake.
4. How does sea water stay clean? 海水是怎樣保持清潔的呢？
這里stay是持續(xù)不變；保持的意思: The weather stays fine. 天氣繼續(xù)放晴。How can you stay so cool, calm and collected after such a hot argument? 這樣一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論過(guò)后,你怎么還能保持如此心平氣和,鎮(zhèn)靜自若?
5. The squid lives in the dark at a great depth at the bottom of the ocean. 魷魚生活在海底深部的黑暗處，它可以長(zhǎng)到15米長(zhǎng)。
注意本句中的幾個(gè)介詞, 又如: Plant the seeds at a depth of ten centimetres. 詞組in the dark: Be careful if you're walking home in the dark. before dark: You can go out, but make sure you come home before dark. after dark (at night): Some of my friends won't go out after dark.
6. The sperm whale does not feed on small fish like other whales. 和其它鯨魚不一樣，巨頭鯨是不以小魚為食的。
注意feed的搭配: feed sth to sb: Please feed the food to the baby in small pieces.| feed sb on sth: Most people feed parrots on nuts.
7. 掌握幾個(gè)單詞的用法：
⑴The answer is that seaweeds produce various chemicals that help keep the sea water clean. various各種各樣的(different kinds of): Beijing is filled with people from various parts of China. 北京充滿著來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的人們。名詞是variety, 如: Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life of different shapes and bright colors. 珊瑚并不是植物，而是形狀不同，色彩斑讕的動(dòng)物變體。Is this a new variety of apples? 這是蘋果的新品種嗎？
⑵These fishes provide the main food for whales.掌握 provide sth. for sb. 或 provide sb. with. sth. 相當(dāng)于supply sth. to sb.或 supply sb. with sth. 如: They provided food and clothes for the sufferers. 他們向受難者提供食物和衣服。The media supplies lots of information to us every day. 大眾媒體每天提供給我們很多信息。
Grammar
Ellipsis 省略
為了避免重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)并使上、下文緊密連接， 一個(gè)句子中有時(shí)一個(gè)或更多的成分會(huì)被省略掉，這樣的句子稱為省略句。根據(jù)省略的成分，省略大體可分為如下幾種：
⑴省略主語(yǔ) Haven’t seen you for ages!
⑵省略謂語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)的一部分 Anything you want?
⑶省略賓語(yǔ) Well , it’s hard to tell.
⑷其他句子成分的省略 If possible, I should like to have two copies of it. 可能的話，我希望有兩本。
---Would you like to go with me? --- I’d be glad to.
--- Shall we be late? --- I hope not.
Language record
In this unit I have learned to say in English:
Useful Expressions:
1．從巖石上潛進(jìn)海里 2．深深地吸一口氣
3．上來(lái)?yè)Q氣 4．約低于海平面395米
5．每次、一次 6．省略
7．劃掉 8．形狀不同，色彩斑斕的動(dòng)物變體
9．不足60米的深度 10．?dāng)?shù)量極多的
11．位于澳大利亞的東北沿海 12．減慢到正常速度的一半
Sentences:
1．大部分的地球表面處于海下。
2．包裹是按重量收費(fèi)的。
3．珊瑚為了生存需要一定的條件。
4．這兒雨水極少，平均每年只有60毫米。
5．這種藥一天吃三頓，一次兩片。
6．巨頭鯨以魷魚為主食。
7．海水是怎樣保持清潔的？
8．這種魚可以長(zhǎng)到本世紀(jì)末5米長(zhǎng)。