作者：李國(guó)勤
定語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)句法的重要內(nèi)容之一,所以該語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目是整個(gè)高中階段,同時(shí)也是高考的重要考點(diǎn)之一。本文給大家介紹一下定語(yǔ)從句單項(xiàng)填空題的解題方法。
一、 依據(jù)先行詞所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容和引導(dǎo)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謥?lái)確定選項(xiàng)。
例1. I always remember the days ________ I was taken good care of in the hospital.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
分析:句子意思是:我永遠(yuǎn)都記著我在醫(yī)院里受到很好照料的那些日子。先行詞the days是表示時(shí)間的。限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以用來(lái)修飾一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的先行詞,如果關(guān)聯(lián)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),通常用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
例2. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town________ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
分析:句子意思是:在巴黎住了50 年之后他又回到了他小時(shí)候長(zhǎng)大的小鎮(zhèn)。因?yàn)橄刃性~the small town表示地點(diǎn),關(guān)聯(lián)詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選B。
二、 注意句子中逗號(hào)的語(yǔ)法作用。
例1. ________ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
分析:句子意思是:眾所周知,月球每個(gè)月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一圈。句子中逗號(hào)說(shuō)明這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句、代表整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容且能夠放在句首的關(guān)聯(lián)詞只有as,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選B。
例2. She washed clothes this morning, ________ hadn't been washed for a week.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
分析:句子中逗號(hào)說(shuō)明這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的只有D。
三、 認(rèn)定該題所考查的內(nèi)容,觀察所給的選項(xiàng),依據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則選出最佳答案。
例: The doctor ________ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
分析:句子意思是:正和護(hù)士談話的那位醫(yī)生下個(gè)月要去非洲。觀察所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng),可以看出它們都是完整的句子。根據(jù)本題所考查的內(nèi)容,最佳答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是修飾先行詞The doctor的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。依據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,首先排除A, 因?yàn)閔im是多余的; whom the nurse is talking和 who the nurse is talking兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都缺少"to",所以也被排除掉。只有C (whom / who被省略了) the nurse is talking to是唯一正確的答案。
四、 依據(jù)先行詞來(lái)選擇"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)。
例1. Is this the factory ________ your father once worked?
A. at where B. which
C. in which D. that
分析:句子意思是:這就是你父親工作過(guò)的工廠嗎?先行詞the factory在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ), 所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選C, in which相當(dāng)于where。
例2. Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English study, Mr. Lee is the person ________ I turn for help.
A. that B. who
C. from whom D. to whom
分析:在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞"turn to"是固定的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)句子也可以寫(xiě)成: Whenever I meet with difficulty in my English Study, Mr Lee is the person(who / whom) I turn to for help. 所以應(yīng)當(dāng)選D。
五、注意先行詞的特殊性和關(guān)系代詞的選擇。
例1. All ________ I need is an English-Chinese dictionary.
A. as B. that C. what D. which
分析:句子意思是:我所需要的就是一本《英漢詞典》。先行詞為all或先行詞被all等詞修飾時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),所以本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選B。又如:
There is not much that can be done now. 現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有太多的事情可做。
I've read all the books that were borrowed from the library. 我把從圖書(shū)館借的書(shū)都看完了。
That white flower is the only one that I really like. 那朵白花是我唯一真正喜歡的花。
例2. This is the first composition ________ I've written in English.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
分析:句子意思是:這是我用英文寫(xiě)的第一篇作文。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo),所以本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選A。又如:
This is the best novel (that) I've ever read. 這是我讀過(guò)的最好小說(shuō)。