作者：籍萬(wàn)杰
插入語(yǔ)是一種獨(dú)立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法上的關(guān)系,大都是對(duì)一句話(huà)作一些附加說(shuō)明或解釋。它通常由一個(gè)詞、一個(gè)短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子構(gòu)成,位置較為靈活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。下面以高考題為例,談?wù)劜迦胝Z(yǔ)的用法。
一、形容詞(短語(yǔ))用作插入語(yǔ)
常見(jiàn)的形容詞有strange(奇怪的),sure enough (果然),worse still (更糟糕的是),even better(更好的),strange to say(說(shuō)也奇怪), needless to say(不用說(shuō)), most important of all(最為重要的)等。例如:
Sure enough, enemy planes came again the next day. 果然敵機(jī)第二天又來(lái)了。
Strange, he often forgot to turn off the lights. 真奇怪,他經(jīng)常忘記關(guān)燈。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
Greenland, ________island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers.
A. it is the largest
B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
答案:D
二、副詞(短語(yǔ))用作插入語(yǔ)
常用作插入語(yǔ)的副詞有indeed(的確), surely (無(wú)疑), however(然而), obviously(顯然), frankly(坦率地說(shuō)), naturally(自然), luckily / happily for sb.(算某人幸運(yùn)), fortunately(幸好), strangely(奇怪), honestly(老實(shí)說(shuō)), briefly (簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō))等。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________, neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
答案:C
三、介詞短語(yǔ)用作插入語(yǔ)
常用作插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)有in a few words / in sum / in short (簡(jiǎn)而言之),on the contrary(相反), in other words (換句話(huà)說(shuō)), in a sense (在某種意義上), in general(一般說(shuō)來(lái)), in my view (在我看來(lái)),in conclusion (總之), in summary(概括地說(shuō)), in fact(事實(shí)上), at first (首先), in addition (此外), of course(當(dāng)然),to my joy / delight / satisfaction. (使我欣慰 / 高興 / 滿(mǎn)意的是), for instance / example(例如),as a matter of fact (事實(shí)上) 等。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
① Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ________IQ.
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher D. the highest
② Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard- ________, you failed.
A. in the end B. after all
C. in other words D. at the same time
③ Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course , made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
答案:① B ② C ③ D
四、不定式短語(yǔ)用作插入語(yǔ)
to be frank (坦率地說(shuō)),to tell (you )the truth (老實(shí)說(shuō)),to be sure (無(wú)疑地), to sum up (概括地說(shuō))等。例如:
That's a wonderful idea, to be sure!這個(gè)主意好極了,肯定的!
To sum up, success results from hard work.總之,成功來(lái)自于努力。
五、分句用作插入語(yǔ)
常用作插入語(yǔ)的分句有:I think(我認(rèn)為),do you suggest / suppose (你建議 / 猜測(cè)),I hope (我希望),I'm afraid (恐怕),what's more (而且),what's worse (更糟糕的是),you see (你知道),I am sure(我可以肯定地說(shuō)),I wonder(我不知道), that is (也就是說(shuō)),it seems(看來(lái)是),as I see it(照我看來(lái)),what is important (重要的是),believe it or not (信不信由你)等。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
① As I know, there is ________ car in this neighborhood.
A. no such B. no a
C. not such D. no such a
② It is so nice to hear from her. ________, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What's more B. That is to say
C. In other words D. Believe it or not
③ ________ be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
④ -How do you ________ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
-I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.
A. insist B. want
C. suppose D. suggest
⑤ She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ________ 50 million.
A. have reached B. has reached
C. are reaching D. had reached
答案:① A ② D ③ A ④ D ⑤ A
六、有時(shí)說(shuō)完一句話(huà)之后,再補(bǔ)充幾個(gè)詞或一句話(huà),以作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明,這也是一種插入語(yǔ),前面常用破折號(hào)。
[原題再現(xiàn)]
① Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare-you must learn to ________.
A. support B. care
C. spare D. share
② If you want help-money or anything, let me know, ________ you?
A. don't B. will C. shall D. do
答案:① D ② B