作者：邱世才
動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)中最重要的詞類(lèi)之一。"動(dòng)詞填空"是中考題中的一種傳統(tǒng)題型,考查側(cè)重于動(dòng)詞同義詞的區(qū)分和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別;非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查;時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查。下面就做單句時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞填空的解法作一點(diǎn)撥。
做單句時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞填空,應(yīng)把握以下幾點(diǎn):
A)根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)確定時(shí)態(tài)。句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是確定時(shí)態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志。
B)根據(jù)上下文已有的時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)確定時(shí)態(tài)。
C)利用上下文語(yǔ)意確定時(shí)態(tài)。有些句子既沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),又沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)信息點(diǎn)可參照,這時(shí)需要根據(jù)語(yǔ)意確定時(shí)態(tài)。
D)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)中的"特殊"的原則。如賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)或客觀真理時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示。
【題型展示1 】
1. -What did the teacher say just now?
-He said that light ______ faster than sound.
A. traveled B. traveling C. to travel D. travels (Key: D)
2. His uncle ______ in three days.
A. returns B. has returned C. returned D. will return (Key: D)
3. -What ______ you ______ tomorrow?
-I have no idea.
A. is; going B. is; going to do C. are; going D. are; going to do (Key: D)
所給動(dòng)詞在句子中不作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),就要考慮用動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在/過(guò)去分詞)形式。這是平時(shí)最容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的地方。應(yīng)記住:在be busy, be worth, can't help, enjoy, finish, feel like, mind, stop... from, be used for等詞或短語(yǔ)后要用V-ing形式。在感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, look at, hear,feel, listen to,使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have等后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不帶to。在had better, would rather等結(jié)構(gòu)后,及助動(dòng)詞shall, will, would及其它情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,不帶to。在would like, hope, wish, decide后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)要帶to。
【題型展示2】
1. They are busy ______ ready for the exams.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. got(Key: B)
2. They often ask us ______ football with them.
A. to play B. playing C. played D. play (Key: A)
3. -Mike! What are you doing there?
-Listen, Mum. I hear somebody ______ upstairs.
A. going B. goes C. go D. to go (Key: A)