倒 裝
(一)疑問句多數是倒裝語序，但如果主語是疑問詞或被疑問詞修飾的，整個句子是自然語序，本身就是個正裝句
A. Who invented the machine?
B. What impressed you most?
C. What has happened to Tom?
D. How many people took part in the demonstration?
E. Which team won the game?
(二)there be結構是倒裝句，除be以外，live, happen, exist, lie, remain也都可以充當該結構的謂語
A. About 2, 300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.
B. There happened to be nobody in the bedroom.
C. For there lay the Combs-the set of combs that Della had worshipped for many months in a shop window.
(三)only放在句首修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時要倒裝，其他情況就不構成倒裝式了。如果謂語動詞是單個實意動詞，倒裝時加do的相應形式(即do, does, 或did)
A. Only in this way can you succeed.
B. Only yesterday did I hear of the accident.
C. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
D. Only my parents know the secret. (不倒裝)
(四)表示否定意義的詞放在句首時要倒裝
hardly, scarcely, never, not, not until, not only, seldom, little等。
A. Never shall I forget it.
B. Not a single mistake did he make.
C. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
D. Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
E. Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 請注意下列這組句子。
A. She didn't change her mind until yesterday. (正裝句)
B. Not until yesterday did she change her mind. (倒裝句)
C. It was not until yesterday that she changed her mind. (強調句不倒裝)
(五)把副詞so放在句首，表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人(或物)，只用于肯定句
A. He has been to Beijing, So have I.
B. They like English very much. So does John.
C. Society has changed and so have the people in it.
但如果后面的句子是對前面句子的內容加以確認的話，那么也把so放在句首，不過后面主謂不倒裝。
A. There was clearly nothing left to do but drop herself onto the shabby couch and weep. So Della did.
B. I said I was going to visit him. So I did.
C. He studies hard. So he does.
(六)如果虛擬條件從句的謂語動詞含有be動詞，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，可將if省略，而把be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或第一個助動詞移到主語前，構成倒裝句
If it had not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (正裝句)
A.
Had it not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (倒裝句)
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
B.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?(倒裝句)
(七)在某些讓步狀語從句中用倒裝結構
A. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.
B. Small as it was, the army had great fighting capacity.
C. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
(八)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒裝結構
A. Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!
B. May you both be happy!
(九)為了保持句子平衡，或為了強調表語或狀語，或使上下文緊密銜接時常常把表語或狀語部分放在謂語動詞前
A. On the ground lay an old sick goat.
B. There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire.
C. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: “Good morning. ”
D. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
(十)賓語在多數情況下都緊跟在謂語后面，但當我們特別想強調賓語時，亦可放到主語前面，但句中的主謂不倒裝
This they kept for themselves.
All this he fixed together with glue, string, wax and many wires.
(十一)so…that結構中的so置于句首時，需要倒裝
A. So excited was he that he couldn't say a word.
B. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next house could hear him.
責任編輯：李芳芳